Corrientes tecnocrática y crítica de las smart cities: Una revisión de sus características
Technocratic and critical currents of smart cities: A review of their characteristics
Barra lateral del artículo
PDF
FLIP
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Atribución-NoComercial - 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
La smart city emerge como una propuesta para mejorar la administración de las ciudades prometiendo transformarlas en espacios para el desarrollo sostenible. En este contexto el presente artículo busca desarrollar una reflexión teórica sobre el discurso de la smart city desde dos corrientes: la tecnocrática, desde la cual se destacan los beneficios de adoptar el paradigma, y la crítica, en la cual se identifican ideas que cuestionan la adopción del concepto, incluso mostrando aspectos negativos. Para este fin se emplea un enfoque cualitativo de alcance explicativo basado en el análisis de contenido. Los resultados señalan la necesidad de adoptar un enfoque sociotécnico con un mayor énfasis en la participación ciudadana y la interrelación de actores de la gobernanza, sin dejar de lado la injerencia que tendría la adopción de TIC. Esto se podría ver reflejado en la combinación de los aportes de ambas corrientes para así consolidar mejores formas de administrar las ciudades. Se concluye que ambas corrientes tienen puntos de vista valiosos para ser considerados por los interesados en el desarrollo de las ciudades.
Palabras clave:
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Referencias (VER)
Agamben, G. (2011). ¿Qué es un dispositivo? Sociológica, 26(73), 249-264. https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/soc/v26n73/v26n73a10.pdf
Albino, V., Berardi, U. y Dangelico, R. M. (2015). Smart cities: Definitions, dimensions, performance, and initiatives. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.942092
Álvarez-León, L. F. y Rosen, J. (2020). Technology as Ideology in Urban Governance. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 110(2), 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2019.1660139
Banco Mundial. (2020). Desarrollo Urbano-Panorama general. BM en vivo. https://www.bancomundial.org/es/topic/urbandevelopment/overview#:~:text=En%20el%20mundo%2C%20m%C3%A1s%20del,crecimiento%20y%20proporcionar%20servicios%20b%C3%A1sicos.
Barrutia, J. M., Echebarria, C., Aguado-Moralejo, I., Apaolaza-Ibáñez, V. y Hartmann, P. (2022). Leading smart city projects: Government dynamic capabilities and public value creation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 179, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121679
Batty, M., Axhausen, K. W., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M., Ouzounis, G. y Portugali, Y. (2012). Smart cities of the future. European Physical Journal: Special Topics, 214(1), 481-518. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2012-01703-3
Caragliu, A., del Bo, C. y Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2011.601117
Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., Pardo, T. A. y Scholl, H. J. (2012). Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2289-2297. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2012.615
Cortés-Cediel, M. E., Cantador, I. y Rodríguez-Bolívar, M. P. (2021). Analyzing Citizen Participation and Engagement in European Smart Cities. Social Science Computer Review, 39(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439319877478
Das, D. (2020). In pursuit of being smart? A critical analysis of India’s smart cities endeavor. Urban Geography, 41(1), 55-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2019.1646049
Deakin, M., Reid, A. y Mora, L. (2020). Smart Cities: The Metrics of Future Internet-Based Developments and Renewable Energies of Urban and Regional Innovation. Journal of Urban Technology, 27(4), 59-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2020.1868738
Del-Real, C., Ward, C. y Sartipi, M. (2023). What do people want in a smart city? Exploring the stakeholders’ opinions, priorities and perceived barriers in a medium-sized city in the United States. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 27(S1), 50-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2021.1968939
Downe-Wamboldt, B. (1992). Content analysis: Method, applications, and issues. Health Care for Women International, 13(3), 313-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399339209516006
Echebarria, C., Barrutia, J. M. y Aguado-Moralejo, I. (2021). The Smart City journey: a systematic review and future research agenda. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 34(2), 159-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2020.1785277
Franco, I. D. (2021). Las smart cities en la agenda del planeamiento y la gobernanza urbana en América Latina. Cuadernos de Geografia: Revista Colombiana de Geografia, 30(2), 280-296. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcdg.v30n2.89479
Galdon-Clavell, G. (2013). (Not so) smart cities?: The drivers, impact and risks of surveillanceenabled smart environments. Science and Public Policy, 40(6), 717-723. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/sct070
Garnier, J.-P. (2018). La “smart city” o la “cité radieuse” en la era digital. Papeles de Relaciones Ecosociales y Cambio Globlal, 144, 91-103. https://www.fuhem.es/papeles_articulo/la-smart-city-o-la-cite-radieuse-en-la-era-digital/
Giest, S. (2017). Big data analytics for mitigating carbon emissions in smart cities: opportunities and challenges. European Planning Studies, 25(6), 941-957. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1294149
Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R. y Pichler-Milanovic, Nataša Meijers, E. (2007). Smart cities Ranking of European medium-sized cities. En Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Services (pp. 1-22). https://www.smart-cities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf
Gil-Garcia, J. R., Pardo, T. A. y De Tuya, M. (2021). Information Sharing as a Dimension of Smartness: Understanding Benefits and Challenges in Two Megacities. Urban Affairs Review, 57(1), 8-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087419843190
Graham, S. -y Marvin, S. (2001). Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Techno- logical Mobilities and the Urban Condition. En Routledge (Ed.), Continuing Care Retirement Communities: Political, Social, and Financial Issues. Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203452202
Grossi, G. y Pianezzi, D. (2017). Smart cities: Utopia or neoliberal ideology? Cities, 69, 79-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.07.012
Harrison, C. y Donnelly, I. (2011). A theory of smart cities. In The University of Hull (Ed.), En 55th Annual meeting of the international society for the systems sciences (pp. 1-15). The University of Hull.
Hollands, R. G. (2015). Critical interventions into the corporate smart city. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8(1), 61-77. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsu011
Huang, G., Li, D., Yu, L., Yang, D. y Wang, Y. (2022). Factors affecting sustainability of smart city services in China: From the perspective of citizens’ sense of gain. Habitat International, 128, 102645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2022.102645
Irazábal, C. y Jirón, P. (2021). Latin American smart cities: Between worlding infatuation and crawling provincialising. Urban Studies, 58(3), 507-534. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020945201
Jiang, H. (2021). Smart urban governance in the ‘smart’ era: Why is it urgently needed? Cities, 111, 103004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.103004
Jiang, H., Geertman, S. y Witte, P. (2020). A sociotechnical framework for smart urban governance: Urban technological innovation and urban governance in the realm of smart cities. International Journal of E-Planning Research, 9(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEPR.2020010101
Jiang, H., Geertman, S. y Witte, P. (2022). Smart urban governance: an alternative to technocratic “smartness.” GeoJournal, 87(3), 1639-1655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10326-w
Johnson, P. A., Robinson, P. J. y Philpot, S. (2020). Type, tweet, tap, and pass: How smart city technology is creating a transactional citizen. Government Information Quarterly, 37(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.101414
Jurado-Zambrano, D. A., Velez-ocampo, J. y López-Zapata, E. (2022). Smart governance strategies and their relationships with SDGs in three Latin American cities. Management Research, 21(1), 7-33. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRJIAM-01-2022-1270
Kitchin, R. (2014a). The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. GeoJournal, 79(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-013-9516-8
Kitchin, R. (2014b). The Real-Time City? Big Data and Smart Urbanism. GeoJournal, 79(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2289141
Kitchin, R. (2015). Making sense of smart cities: addressing present shortcomings. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8(1), 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsu027
Kitchin, R. (2022). Conceptualising smart cities. Urban Research and Practice, 15(1), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2022.2031143
Koca, G., Egilmez, O. y Akcakaya, O. (2021). Evaluation of the smart city: Applying the dematel technique. Telematics and Informatics, 62, 101625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2021.101625
Kolesnichenko, O., Mazelis, L., Sotnik, A., Yakovleva, D., Amelkin, S., Grigorevsky, I. y Kolesnichenko, Y. (2021). Sociological modeling of smart city with the implementation of UN sustainable development goals. Sustainability Science, 16(2), 581-599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00889-5
Kourtit, K. y Nijkamp, P. (2012). Smart cities in the innovation age. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25(2), 93-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2012.660331
Krivý, M. (2016). Towards a critique of cybernetic urbanism: The smart city and the society of control. Planning Theory, 17(1), 8-30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095216645631
Lekkas, C. K. y Souitaris, V. (2022). Bureaucracy Meets Digital Reality: The Unfolding of Urban Platforms in European Municipal Governments. Organization Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406221130857
Luque-Ayala, A., Marvin, S. y McFarlane, C. (2015). Smart Urbanism. Utopian vision or false dawn? (1st ed.). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315730554/smart-urbanism-simon-marvin-andrés-luque-ayala-colin-mcfarlane
Lytras, M. D. y Şerban, A. C. (2020). E-Government Insights to Smart Cities Research: European Union (EU) Study and the Role of Regulations. IEEE Access, 8, 65313-65326. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2982737
McFarlane, C. y Söderström, O. (2017). On alternative smart cities. From a technology-intensive to a knowledge-intensive smart urbanism. City Analysis of Urban Change, Theory, Action, 21(3-4), 312-328. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2017.1327166
McKenzie, E. (1994). Privatopia: Homeowner Associations and the Rise of Residential Private Government (1st ed.). Yale University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt32bdrv
Meijer, A. & Rodríguez-Bolívar, M. P. (2016). Governing the smart city: a review of the literature on smart urban governance. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 82(2), 392-408. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852314564308
Morozov, E. y Bria, F. (2018). Rethinking the smart city - Democratizing Urban Technology. En Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung.
Morrow, S. L. y Smith, M. L. (2000). Qualitative Research for Counseling Psychology. En S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Hanbook of Counseling Psychology (3rd ed., pp. 199-230).
Mouton, M. (2021). Worlding infrastructure in the global South: Philippine experiments and the art of being ‘smart.’ Urban Studies, 58(3), 621-638. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019891011
Nam, T. y Pardo, T. A. (2011). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. The Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research Conceptualizing, June, 282-291. https://doi.org/10.1145/2037556.2037602
Neirotti, P., De Marco, A., Cagliano, A. C., Mangano, G. y Scorrano, F. (2014). Current trends in smart city initiatives: Some stylised facts. Cities, 38, 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.12.010
Nicolas, C., Kim, J. y Chi, S. (2020). Quantifying the dynamic effects of smart city development enablers using structural equation modeling. Sustainable Cities and Society, 53, 101916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101916
Oliver, J. G. (2008). El análisis de contenidos : ¿ qué nos están diciendo ? Rev. Calidad Asistencial, 23(1), 26-30. https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-revista-calidad-asistencial-256-pdf-S1134282X08704640
Przeybilovicz, E., Cunha, M. A., Geertman, S., Leleux, C., Michels, A., Tomor, Z., Webster, C. W. R. y Meijer, A. (2022). Citizen participation in the smart city: findings from an international comparative study. Local Government Studies, 48(1), 23-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2020.1851204
Ranchod, R. (2020). The data-technology nexus in South African secondary cities: The challenges to smart governance. Urban Studies, 57(16), 3281-3298. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019896974
Razaghi, M. y Finger, M. (2018). Smart Governance for Smart Cities. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 126(4), 680-689. https://doi.org/doi:10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012073
Ruhlandt, R. W. S. (2018). The governance of smart cities: A systematic literature review. Cities, 81(October 2017), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.02.014
Shelton, T., Zook, M. A. y Wiig, A. (2015). The “actually existing smart city.” Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society, 8(1), 13-25. https://doi.org/https://academic.oup.com/cjres/article/8/1/13/304403?login=false
Siokas, G., Tsakanikas, A. y Siokas, E. (2021). Implementing smart city strategies in Greece: Appetite for success. Cities, 108, 102938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102938
Tironi, M. Sánchez-Criado, T. (2015). Of Sensors and Sensitivities. Towards a Cosmopolitics of “Smart Cities”? Tecnoscienza. Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, 6(1), 89-108. http://www.tecnoscienza.net/index.php/tsj/article/view/217
Townsend, A. M. (2013). Smart cities: Big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia. New York: WW Norton & Company. 384 p. https://ia902508.us.archive.org/21/items/town-planning-mgt-002-by-william-p.-cunningham-urdukutabkhanapk/Smart%20Cities%20By%20Anthony%20M.%20Townsend-urdukutabkhanapk.pdf
Vanolo, A. (2014). Smartmentality: The Smart City as Disciplinary Strategy. Urban Studies, 51(5), 883-898. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013494427
Verrest, H. y Pfeffer, K. (2019). Elaborating the urbanism in smart urbanism: distilling relevant dimensions for a comprehensive analysis of Smart City approaches. Information Communication and Society, 22(9), 1328-1342. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1424921
Wendling, L. A., Huovila, A., zu Castell-Rüdenhausen, M., Hukkalainen, M. y Airaksinen, M. (2018). Benchmarking nature-based solution and smart city assessment schemes against the sustainable development goal indicator framework. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 6, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00069
Wiig, A. (2015). IBM’s smart city as techno-utopian policy mobility. City, 19(2-3), 258-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2015.1016275
Wiig, A. (2016). The empty rhetoric of the smart city: from digital inclusion to economic promotion in Philadelphia. Urban Geography, 37(4), 535-553. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2015.1065686
Zandbergen, D. y Uitermark, J. (2020). In search of the Smart Citizen: Republican and cybernetic citizenship in the smart city. Urban Studies, 57(8), 1733-1748. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019847410
Zhang, E., He, X. y Xiao, P. (2022). Does Smart City Construction Decrease Urban Carbon Emission Intensity? Evidence from a Difference-in-Difference Estimation in China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(23), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142316097
